Power of the Purse I

Constitutional Provisions

All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills.”
— U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 7, clause 1

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

-- U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 8, clause 12

“No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.”
— U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 9, clause 7

What follows would baffle a Martian.

Part 1: Authorization
Part 2: Appropriation

• Budget Authority
• Outlay
• Continuing resolutions

Part 3:  "The Budget Process" and key documents:

• The president's budget
• CBO reports

Part 4:  Entitlements

Part 5:  Revenue Bills

Part 6:  The Debt Ceiling