Monday, April 15, 2024

Economic Policy

 Wednesday readings will be on Sakai later today.

A few questions

  • Suppose your income places you in the 22% bracket.  How much of your income do you think is taxed at a rate of 22%?
  • Agree or disagree: large tax refunds are a good thing.
  • What tax rate applies to the top US federal income tax bracket?
  • How much do you think the top 1% of taxpayers by income account for in terms of share of total federal income taxes paid?

Constitutional Provisions


All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills.”
— U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 7, clause 1


To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
-- U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 8, clause 12

“No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.”
— U.S. Constitution, Article I, section 9, clause 7


What follows would baffle a Martian.

Authorization (Davidson 398)
  • Reauthorization as a form of oversight
  • Lapsed authorizations:

Appropriation
  • Also a form of oversight 


"The Budget Process" and key documents:

Revenue Bills and RECONCILIATION (Davidson 408-409)

Revenues -- Where the money comes from:




Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 1979 to 2019

 

Average Federal Tax Rates, by Tax Source, 2019

Percent




Tax expenditures

Outlays -- Where the money goes:

Percentage of GDP












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